ABSTRACT
This article addresses the question of how body-focused repetitive behavior disorders (e.g., trichotillomania and skin-picking disorder) should be characterized in ICD-11. The article reviews the historical nosology of the two disorders and the current approaches in DSM-5 and ICD-10. Although data are limited and mixed regarding the optimal relationship between body-focused repetitive behavior disorders and nosological categories, these conditions should be included within the obsessive-compulsive and related disorders category, as this is how most clinicians see these behaviors, and as this may optimize clinical utility. The descriptions of these disorders should largely mirror those in DSM-5, given the evidence from recent field surveys. The recommendations regarding ICD-11 and body-focused repetitive behavior disorders should promote the global identification and treatment of these conditions in primary care settings.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , International Classification of Diseases , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/diagnosis , Stereotypic Movement Disorder/diagnosis , Trichotillomania/diagnosis , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/classification , Stereotypic Movement Disorder/classification , Trichotillomania/classificationABSTRACT
This is an overview of stereotypic behavior in autistic spectrum disorder [ASD]. This repetitive, nonfunctional, fixed pattern of behavior is associated with autism severity but it is not specific for ASD. There are a wide range of behaviors mentioned as Stereotypies. It usually starts in 1 early childhood and its severity is associated with outcomes and severity of autism in j adolescence and adulthood. It is usually co-morbid with other psychiatric problems and its pathophysiology is not exactly known. Management is most likely behavioral. There are some | reports regarding efficacy of antipsychotics for its management Further studies should be J conducted to improve our knowledge about it and our ability to differentiate it from tics
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Male , Female , Autistic Disorder , Stereotypic Movement Disorder/diagnosisABSTRACT
Rhythmic movement disorder, also known as jactatio capitis nocturna, is an infancy and childhood sleep-related disorder charactherized by repetitive movements occurring immediately prior to sleep onset and sustained into light sleep. We report a 19-year-old man with a history of headbanging and repetitive bodyrocking since infancy, occurring on a daily basis at sleep onset. He was born a premature baby but psychomotor milestones were unremarkable. Physical and neurological diagnostic workups were unremarkable. A hospital-based sleep study showed: total sleep time: 178 min; sleep efficiency index 35.8; sleep latency 65 min; REM latency 189 mim. There were no respiratory events and head movements occurred at 4/min during wakefulness, stages 1 and 2 NREM sleep. No tonic or phasic electromyographic abnormalities were recorded during REM sleep. A clinical diagnosis of rhythmic movement disorder was performed on the basis of the clinical and sleep studies data. Clonazepam (0.5 mg/day) and midazolam (15 mg/day) yielded no clinical improvement. Imipramine (10 mg/day) produced good clinical outcome. In summary, we report a RDM case with atypical clinical and therapeutical features.